Ethiopia and the River Nile

   Ethiopia and the River Nile

The Blue Nile's Mighty Historical Journey 

After the surprisingly long opposite flow journey of the Blue Nile to the south and towards Ethiopia's Capital, Addis Ababa, the Blue Nile turns northwards, unites with the White Nile in Sudan, and continues to Egypt. Although the Nile is very long and mighty, it can be seen as odd how it is also subdued to considerable water losses and yet remains a legendary mighty river when finally arriving in the Mediterranean Sea. Indeed, due to leaks along its extremely long river path, the River Nile is defeated with many forfeitures of water in soil permeability and evaporation. Furthermore, these countries receiving the water below the Ethiopian Highland are known as warmer lowland areas; nevertheless, this water from Ethiopia finally arrives in Egypt in historical quantities.

Ethiopia and the River Nile

The enlightenment about Ethiopia as the mighty primary source of the river Nile's water and culture is often unknown and met by surprise. Indeed, a rare knowledge is that Ethiopia's high plateau is the abundant water source and the origin of most of the high cultures of history and even the cultural cradle of today's modern civilizations. An insidious guise and policy appear globally, taking its smothering grasp over unfortunate young souls in the advanced nations, with an emotional flagrant ignorance imprinted on the media that even infiltrated the West's most sensitive security departments. 

Towards the Mediterranean Sea

With The Legendary Nile River

Water to the Capital

The Ethiopian Highlands is a historical example here, which, despite its remoteness, is nevertheless the most significant carrier of the water that arrives in Egypt's civilization through the Nile River. In the case of reality and science, it's Ethiopia, with the large lake Tana that dominates and distributes this water to the River Nile, thanks to the Blue Nile's long journey through the highlands of Ethiopia. Its crest forms a big water divider on a mountain ridge of Entoto Natural Park. The northern slope drains into the Blue Nile and the precipitation from the southern slope will end up in the Awash River.

This topographical configuration of Entoto Natural Park's mountain crest has the curious result that two raindrops that simultaneously moist the soil of Entoto's mountain crest, only a centimetre apart from each other, will have quite different destinies. After a long journey through the River Nile, one waterway will reach the Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, the other watershed will pass through Addis Ababa, eventually evaporating in the Danakil Desert, as the Awash River never reaches the sea.

The Environment and the Loss of Civilizations

Destructive heritage within many of today's clans of

autocrats give the culture a treacherous shift with

a legacy of an obscure genetic inflow.

Evolutionary anthropology

 

Directed by this despotism in the past, the political rule of terror created a life-threatening situation against the inhabitants of these original wealthy civilizations. In their despair for their families, very few dared, and few survived in their attempt to undertake any necessary technology or work to promote these water masses to benefit the population during heat and drought. Therefore, this law of silent terror effectively and continuously deteriorated the soil layers' natural strength until this country's ground no longer produced abundant crops. Thus, the lack of basic knowledge and empathy within many early despotic autocracies initiated the decline within these rich cultures of the past, ultimately causing irreversible destruction and erosion of land, often in prolonged and extreme poverty.

Tip of the iceberg:

Cambridge Five spy ring members 'hopeless drunks'

The political failure in the West to guard their most precious departments placed Ethiopia's population and Capital in a dangerous situation about solving an unfortunate international graft of treacherously covert political ignorance against Ethiopia's civilization. To carry out a global heritage of rudimentarily infantile behaviour of troublesome quality politics within international issues with their insidiously charming and easy-going emissaries remained an intricate menace to Ethiopia's culture and population. Despite the West's prudent intentions, they failed to understand the danger for themselves and even more the concealed precarious threat by exporting politics with its grafted and malignant plague of charmingly shallow-minded drunks. Therefore, this international menace with its treacherous threat to Ethiopia remained due to the covert power of insidious international guise, which remained treacherously enticing due to its naive attraction impact on the youth's infantility regarding humankind's behaviour paradigms. Thus, this urgent threat of insidious irresponsibility from the world's hostile emissaries' duping sadistic claims with malicious intent against humanity and Ethiopia's population demanded a solution for the country's inhabitants and their future.

A Historical Civilization Under Threat

In this context, Ethiopia had to endure its international silence with its forbidden knowledge as the motherlode of water and the source of splendid ancient cultures. Therefore, for a long time, Ethiopia's population and Capital had to stay forcefully impaired beneath this historic mountain massif that includes a water divider for the Nile's main flow. Thus, Egypt, the ancient high culture, usually regarded as the cultural cradle for the ancient Greek and European civilizations, has its historical culture thanks to the watershed from the Ethiopian Highlands. These past civilizations, located far below and beyond Ethiopia, have nourished their cultural source thanks to this mighty water flow of the Blue Nile and Ethiopia's other major rivers described below.

 The History of the Environment

The History of the Environment

 An Ancient Legacy of Water and Plants 

The prosperity of civilization in different cultures and parts of the World indicates an evident connection between an in-depth knowledge of biology and the specific culture's potential for development. Without a doubt, a healthy relationship is seen with this rule, even in other sciences. Still, it is particularly evident in biology, as this is so close to human health and well-being. However, the insidious hierarchical governing terror of the past caused severe scares among many nations, inflicting humiliation in severe starvation and fearful aversions, thus damaging the population's most critical needs for safe stimulus in daily life and duties.

Ethiopia's Indigenous Vegetation

A Heritage of Tremendous Potential

The native vegetation was, in the past, the natural source of preventing the precious water from draining in short bursts of violent torrents. This seasonal water flow over the Ethiopian Highlands was then historically and even more pre-historically infiltrating the deluges into soil permeability and vertically delivered this mass of purified water to be stored as natural groundwater within ancient aquifers. Hence, the fabric of these original vegetation's roots and soil functioned as countless efficient feeding pipes of deluges directed into Ethiopia's thick soil layers and the country's mountain massifs' aquifers, thus preventing the shortage of groundwater during long periods of drought.

The Importance of Domestic Trees

Reinforcement of Native Roots Against Erosion

The composite image series above invites a more
comprehensive study with explanatory images
of the water's flow and ground infiltration.
The Torrential Rains and Erosion

Erosion: The soil-holding capacity of Eucalyptus is very moderate compared with the original Ethiopian ground cover and trees, initially covering the slopes of Entoto. Because there is no ground cover in the foreign-implanted Eucalyptus forest, the only thing to hold the soil is the sporadic web of roots of the trees. This lack of soil stabilizing undergrowth causes severe erosion, which is easily observed in the water running through Addis in connection with the rainy seasons. For every rain period, torrential forces eradicate valuable nutrition while the layer of fertile soil gets thinner. Without due care and preservation within a few years, no fertile ground will remain for new vegetation, and the erosion will be irreversible.

Flooding: On Entoto, every leaf and branch that has fallen to the ground is collected by people, whereas in a natural forest with endemic vegetation, organic material from leaves, wood, roots, etc., is left to be decomposed in the soil. The organic composting matter from endemic vegetation improves the soil structure, leading to a higher infiltration rate and a much better water storage capacity and, of course, provides the fragile saplings with a primary ground for growth. The picture on the right simplifies the connection between land and water, which can be seen by the vertical connection in the study of the infiltrating movements of the water in pictures (5 ) and (7).

[ The Dangerous ]

Implantation of Alien Life Forms

A Massive Loss of Public Health and Drinking Water

The Eucalyptus Problem

The Environmental Danger Of the Eucalyptus Tree

The Eucalyptus Tree and its Tactical Toxicity

A chemical component with an intricate competition-oriented toxic defence system in the leaves and roots of Eucalyptus trees prevents the growth of other trees and herbs. This chemical component leads to a monoculture with Eucalyptus as the only tree species and eventually no ground cover. This chemical component causes severe erosion, easily observed in the water running through Addis, connected with the rainy seasons. Due to these shortcomings in the water-preserving capacity of the Eucalyptus plantation, it cannot counterbalance the uneven distribution of rain.

Domestic Protection and Traditional Defence

The stalk of the native Podocarpus tree's seed is considerably more significant in height at an early stage of its soil germination than the equivalent tree seeds' stalks. Because the Podocarpus tree has the uniqueness of raising its appetizing greenery to the sensitively exposed height of its brittle stems, a guardian traditionally arises its protective shield thanks to the sharp thorn defence of Rosa abyssinica.

Ethiopia's Water-Harbouring Highland Nature  

The Country's Precious Water

This image forms the basis for understanding nature's
  water-bearing body. The water is kept here, in the
    totality of this image, where both vegetation, soil
  and rock make up this vital  body to create this 
highly valuable water-harbouring landscape.
Study of the water's complexity

Ethiopia's Natural Water Production

Furthermore, history's misdeeds against Ethiopia's natural forest and Nature severely wounded the prehistoric ecological and geological heritage by interrupting the natural and critical processes of original soil creation derived from the endemic decomposing leaves and twigs. This genetically optimized process, resulting from the downfall of indigenous trees in the leaves and twigs of the Ethiopian forest, had the vital ability to hinder the erosive torrents' initiation. This ground composting leaves and twigs built the trees' ground and gave the soil's structure the required time to absorb deluges in this mountainous highland landscape.

The Natural Water Bodies of the Highland

This historical malefactor against the original Ethiopian Nature severely weakened the county's original soil system in its essential function of leading and assisting rainwater to the natural underground aquifers. Hence, the severe reduction of the remaining soil's ability to receive moisture severely reduced the delivered water fed into the natural aquifers and, of course, reduced future chances for the citizens to obtain clean household water. Of course, this phenomenon also raises hindrances to reintroducing indigenous species.

 

Pinterest: Ethiopia's Work and Obligations

Ethiopia's Highland:

The Nile's Trustworthy Water Source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AHighlandiver
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baro_River

The Ethiopian Highland: A Legendary Water Provider

However, this Ethiopian primary source of the Nile River is only one of several Ethiopian rivers that contribute to the total water in the Nile. Consequently, the total amount of water delivered from the Ethiopian Highland to the Nile is clearly above the outstanding contribution of the Blue Nile, albeit wrongly, it is usually described how the countries south of Ethiopia are the source of the Nile.

Explorers Historical Misconceptions

However, this is only correct in the adventure literature and the early travellers' romantic descriptions of heroic adventures and discoveries in the ascent of the breathtakingly beautiful cloud-covered Ruwenzori mountains and glaciers in the mountain range through the countries of Uganda and Congo. The Blue Nile from Ethiopia is here, with 70 - 80% of the Nile's water during the rainy seasons, without comparison to the dominant source of the Nile, which should be essential to point out as a crucial historical reality.

Ethiopia's Water Guardian of the Past 

In ancient times, Ethiopia's considerable rainwater resources were probably not so contradictory, and the reason was mainly the abundant natural vegetation of Ethiopia's highlands. This native Ethiopian vegetation served as a highly effective physical barrier, blocking the country's water masses from rushing down the country's slopes in the direction of Egypt. Also, the same native vegetation was why this water was blocking and preventing from draining; thanks to this, the original vegetation functioned as countless very efficient feeding pipes into the mountain massif's aquifers. 

The Country's Indigenous Vegetation

Thus, by the complex geology, biology and aeons of evolutionary refinements, the torrential deluges were naturally absorbed and harmonically directed these seasonal floods into Ethiopia's thick soil and deeper groundwater reservoirs. This seasonal water flow over the Ethiopian Highlands was then historically and even more prehistorically infiltrating the deluges into the soil's permeability and vertically delivering this mass of purified water stored in underground aquifers. Hence, only after Ethiopia's abundant natural underground reservoirs were fully saturated did the abundance of rainwater flow further into the Nile.

Ethiopia's Historical Water Reservoir

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pibor_River

Historically, these large quantities of torrential precipitation become accumulated for a long time within the borders of Ethiopia, with the result that the total water flows in the country were greatly extended over time and, at the same time, subdued in its sudden and erosive overflows. These floodwaters were thus regularly swallowed by Ethiopia's geology, landscape and vegetation during each rainy period. 

It is a meteorological phenomenon (Orographic Precipitation) that is very well known and obvious that the incoming clouds transform their moisture into rain as they rise over a high mountain mass. However, this mountain massif does not need to be close to potential civilization to deliver high volumes of water. Still, the source of the precipitation and the beneficial countries may be very distant from one another, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and the Egyptian civilization. 

The Adventure of the Blue Nile's Exploration

They hesitated to follow the Blue Nile to such a high degree that the explorers, first in 1968, could muster the challenge and lure of the more significant cause of this ancient and mysterious water flow by following an arduous journey through Ethiopia's deep gorges and canyons. Thus, they gazed at the horizon of Lake Tana, the still mythical source of the Nile. Here, the team of 60 British and Ethiopian servicemen and scientists made the first complete descent and scientific investigation of the Blue Nile.

A Journey Through Dizzying Twilight Canyons

Always hazardous, this journey went into waterways of steep rising clefts, endlessly repeating and with little rest with unforgiving dusky nights. Through the hardship and moist starvation, this journey continued into these irresistible, beautiful, but harshly demanding and dizzying looming twilight gorges. They continued intensely beneath these towering high mountain crests of the Ethiopian Highland and among the waterways of deeply lurking beasts. Yet, within still unmapped territories, they finally found their way within these abysses in this concealed landscape underneath the Ethiopian high plateau. Hence, they created the first investigative research on this mighty waterway beneath Ethiopia's historic Highland.

Entoto Natural Park's Enchanting Landscape

Entoto Natural Park's Southern Rim of the High Plateau. 
The Viewpoint (16) is pretty near Mountain Crest,
 A water divider to the Nile. 

A Forgotten World Of Beauty and Grandeur

The lack of interest in Ethiopia's mighty waterways is derived worldwide due to political shortcomings and internationally ignorant media needing help distinguishing the abundant precipitation source over the Ethiopian Highland and its much later deposited water in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, a twisted history record appeared due to the early literary legacy of adventurers among the explorers and their desire to find the mysterious and elusive source of the White Nile. 

Erosion Prevention Invitation: 

The Environment, Culture and Prosperity

The Precarious and Fragile Restoration Of the Lost Nature

 Science, much time and labour are needed for environmental restoration; this demands massive protection projects to offer the young plants the replacement for the lost biotope and its vital natural protective properties. Hence, restoring a lost biotope is very complicated and requires much work to recreate a reliable substitute for the missing shielding armour of the primaeval forest. Therefore, due to the absence of the essential protective functions of mother trees and other plants, enormous efforts are required to recreate these guardian functions for the tender indigenous seedlings, which otherwise do not survive the very exposed ground. Thus, this process of environmental restoration includes what was previously prehistorically self-evident as a crucial basis for the survival of all higher life forms.

Water and Land Restoration  

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑦

Within the historical records appear several practical and aesthetical possibilities for restoration. These options for aesthetical restorations include water management, ground stability, and the most attractively pleasurable recreation paths. Another way of describing these methods for natural conservation is the effectiveness of the irrigation method when combined with very gentle and beautiful hiking trails above dizzying precipices. Through these micro canals' associated need for strength and reliability, this need for reinforced waterways coincides with the suitability of dramatically beautiful and safe hiking trails where the steep slopes above or beneath these paths deliver an extraordinary beauty over grand views of often impossible precipitous.

Videos: Planting Saplings

Videos: Planting Technology

Videos: Water and Land Restoration

Videos: Ethiopian Heritage Trust