The Environment, Culture and Prosperity

The Environment, Culture and Prosperity

Our heartfelt condolences to everyone affected by the sudden landslide in Gofa, Southern Ethiopia, and our thoughts are with those who have lost their lives and their loved ones. We commend the ongoing rescue efforts to support families in grief and to re-establish society on a familial and emotionally stable foundation.

The Healing Capacity Of the Indigenous Nature

• The height of the countries' noble prosperity and refinement of civilization in different cultures and parts of the World indicate an inexorable connection between a heritage's in-depth knowledge of natural science and the specific culture's health and prosperity. Without a doubt, a healthy relationship is seen with this rule, even in other sciences. Still, it is particularly evident in natural science, as this is so close to human health, well-being and their necessary foundation of know-how.

• The indigenous Juniper forest's natural health and fertile beauty illuminate with precision its healing capacity and importance for water preservation. However, the loss of a native forest also warns of the severe Nature and habitat destruction that occurred with the introduction of the Eucalyptus tree.

The Nature of Rains and Erosion

• A foreign and tactically chemical component in the Eucalyptus tree causes severe erosion, easily observed in the water running through Addis Ababa in connection with the rainy seasons. For every rain period, the layer of fertile soil gets thinner. If nothing is done now, nothing will be left for new vegetation in a couple of years, and the erosion will be irreversible.

• Erosion: Because the tactical toxins of the Eucalyptus tree have eradicated the natural ground cover, the only thing to hold the soil is the sporadic web of roots of these Australian Eucalyptus tree trees. Therefore, the soil-holding capacity of Eucalyptus is very moderate compared with the indigenous trees initially covering the slopes of Entoto.

• When the new indigenous forest has grown for some years and action has been taken to halt the erosion, the risk of flooding will be eliminated due to soil and water infiltration capacity (permeability) well above today's situation. A possible future return of native forests could balance the constraints of the landscape and man's land use, in which the spontaneous introduction of new animals will enrich the present wildlife.

Ethiopia's Highland Nature  

The Country's Precious Water

This image forms the basis for understanding
 nature's water-bearing body. The water is kept
  Here, in the totality of this image, where both
 Vegetation, soil and rock make up this vital
water-bearing body to create this highly
valuable water-harbouring landscape.
Study of the water's complexity

Ethiopia's Natural Water Production

Furthermore, history's misdeeds against Ethiopia's natural forest and Nature severely wounded the prehistoric ecological and geological heritage by interrupting the natural and critical processes of original soil creation derived from the endemic decomposing leaves and twigs. This genetically optimized process of the indigenous trees' ground composting leaves and twigs of the Ethiopian forest was vital to hinder the erosive torrents' initiation. It gave the trees their ground, thus giving the soil's structure the required time to absorb deluges in this mountainous highland landscape.

The Natural Water Bodies of the Highland

This historical malefactor against the original Ethiopian Nature severely weakened the county's original soil system in its essential function of leading and assisting rainwater to the natural underground aquifers. Hence, the severe reduction of the remaining soil's ability to receive moisture severely reduced the delivered water fed into the natural aquifers and, of course, reduced future chances for the citizens to obtain clean household water. Of course, this phenomenon also raises hindrances to reintroducing indigenous species.

 

Pinterest: Ethiopia's Work and Obligations

An Origin of Health and Prosperity

The Forgotten Cradle of Wealth & Beauty

The Native Podocarpus & Rosa abyssinica

An Evolutionary Legacy from Times of Natural Wealth.

This peculiarity in seed design of setting kernels to sprout underneath a protective shield of dense undergrowth has its evolutionary origin in prehistoric lushness. This tree grows the young seed with an exposed stem and highly sensitive stalk. This unique way of the seedlings' first greenery deducts their origin from the beginning of these trees' (evolution) and in epochs long before any human culture or species.

Natural Soils of the Past.

Through this evolutionary prehistory, these seed stalks and kernels were naturally received with moist, typically loose, absorbing soil (humus) and dense protective undergrowth that could hide and shield these tender, exposed, vertically raised kernel stalks.

A Beautiful Memory Attracts Modern Science and Art

With glowing passion and warmth, it is still spoken among the residents of Entoto about when the water level a reasonable time after the rainy season still stood one metre higher. It is thus quite close to the time when Entoto's mountain massif and its canyons could carry significantly higher water quantity and, therefore, supply the population in the capital with fresh water to a much greater extent. This beautiful memory is still very vivid today, with the profound history of Entoto's rock-sheltered streams and enchanting nature rock baths.

Benefits from the Establishment Of the Park

A healthy relationship is undoubtedly essential for human health and real Nature. Indeed, deeply interconnected phenomena to human identity within the World, Nature reveal its overwhelming influence on human well-being. Since the natural environment regarding humans often appears as the real core of human health, it is particularly evident due to its impact on human health and prosperity. However, a development from antiquity of the insidious hierarchical governing of the past caused scares among many nations. Therefore, it appears to be the most important way to heal past wrongdoings and amend the devastating humiliation of degraded health, thus repairing and delivering the population's most critical need for safe stimulus in a beautiful daily life.

The Healing Nature of the Native Forest

 Restoration With Original Trees and Plants

Benefits from the Establishment of the Park

A Legacy Of Natural Importance

The natural health and fertile beauty in this indigenous Juniper forest illuminate with precision the healing ability of a native forest and the severe Nature and habitat destruction that occurred at the introduction of the Eucalyptus tree. Due to these shortcomings in the water-preserving capacity of the Eucalyptus plantation, it cannot counterbalance the uneven distribution of rain. This eucalyptus poisoning of the ground creates a devastating water-rejecting fabric of the upper soil layer, all too often followed by torrential flooding in the down-slope areas. 

The Torrential Rains & Erosion

Historical Background: [Foreign Chemical]

This chemical component in the foreign Australian Eucalyptus tree causes severe erosion, which is easily observed in the water running through Addis in connection with the rainy seasons. For every rain period, the layer of fertile soil gets thinner. If nothing is done now, nothing will be left for new vegetation in a couple of years, and the erosion will be irreversible.

Erosion: Because there is no ground cover, the only thing to hold the soil is the web of roots of the trees. The soil-holding capacity of Eucalyptus is very moderate compared with the trees initially covering the slopes of Entoto.  Videos: Soil Erosion Demo 

Pinterest: Ethiopia's Work and Obligations 

Nature History & Environmental Science

Reiterating the apparent importance of careful research in natural science delivers a severe and evident example before introducing hazardous methods or foreign species as possible for a plantation into an original endemic and vulnerable habitat. A chemical component in the leaves and roots of Eucalyptus trees prevents the growth of both other Ethiopian trees and herbs. This chemical component leads to a monoculture with Eucalyptus as the only tree species and eventually no ground cover.

Ethiopia's Nature History

Water Guardian Functions

With the guardian and a profoundly anchored network of roots and stems, a complex picture of evolution's optimization emerges of Ethiopia's original vegetation. In the past, the endemic vegetation in Ethiopia's highlands had a primaeval forest with an intricate network of stems and a deeply anchored network of roots functioning as countless efficient reinforcements of the otherwise tender soil. Hence, an ancient natural legacy reveals its precious presence within Nature's cradle, from when the roots and surrounding Earth became intricately dependent on each other, thus accomplishing the beginning of evolution as the actual purifying water gates to the ground and aquifers. Therefore, in ancient times, Ethiopia's considerable rainwater resources were not so contradictory, and the reason was mainly the abundant natural and original vegetation of Ethiopia's highlands.

The Environment and the Loss of Civilizations

Destructive heritage within many of today's clans of
autocrats give the culture a treacherous shift with
 a legacy of an obscure genetic inflow.
Evolutionary anthropology
 

Directed by this despotism in the past, the political rule of terror created a life-threatening situation against the inhabitants of these original wealthy civilizations. In their despair for their families, very few dared, and few survived in their attempt to undertake any necessary technology or work to promote these water masses to benefit the population during heat and drought. Therefore, this law of silent terror effectively and continuously deteriorated the soil layers' natural strength until this country's ground no longer produced abundant crops. Thus, the lack of basic knowledge and empathy within many early despotic autocracies initiated the decline within these rich cultures of the past, ultimately causing irreversible destruction and erosion of land, often in prolonged and extreme poverty.

Secrets From a Time Lost in Shadows and Turmoils

A Forgotten and Forbidden Historical Past

Humanity's Dangerous Legacy

The Artworks: Leonardo da Vinci

A Lost High Cultural Era of Humanity's History

Indeed, the opportunities for advancing humankind's cultural cradle endure long periods of direct and subconscious censorship of nefarious rigidity and even aeons in degeneration due to deeply corrupt reasons in a legacy of outright bestial-induced elements hierarchically enforced from an early time in humankind's history. Therefore, well concealed behind generations of enforced censorship, the subconscious tries to endure the pressure in a sensitive balance even when encountering legacies of bestialities from the morbid selection of the past. Thus, due to the deceived persona of the population, their cultural behaviour becomes corrupted, thereby obstructing and obscuring the paths and visions of humankind.

A Humainity Subconsciously Behind Bars

However, behind the bars of humankind's cage, made of fabricated obstacles and statical social norms, prevails nothing more than a culturally enforced inheritance where the human culture endures. Thus, humankind's civilizations throughout history often have to endure long periods of psychological and physiological torments in cycles of repeating cataclysmic paradigms and between personal occurring corrosive agony about what is wrong where they usually never find the natural source of their discomfort or its hidden background. 

The Loss Of The Country's Souls and Water

The Deceptive Legacy Of Glamorous Terror

In this dangerously despotic political environment, it was important for the working part of the population to carefully avoid any public signs of individual economic success or personal interest in the development of society. As a result, the historical autocracies' despotism succeeded in their aim for personal profit by reluctance for temporary costs regarding humans and the country, thereby manipulating the inhabitants into deceivingly concealed and dangerously debilitating fatal deadlocks. Due to considering the threat from the psychopathy of the despotic power elite, this susceptible situation was then causing an imminent danger for any person aspiring the will to progress for their country's population's well-being and thereby become the vulnerable target for the power's jealousy in almighty megalomania.

 The History of the Environment

The History of the Environment

The Prehistoric Legacy of Water and Plants 

The prosperity of civilization in different cultures and parts of the World indicates an evident connection between an in-depth knowledge of biology and the specific culture's potential for development. Without a doubt, a healthy relationship is seen with this rule, even in other sciences. Still, it is particularly evident in biology, as this is so close to human health and well-being. However, the insidious hierarchical governing terror of the past caused severe scares among many nations, inflicting humiliation in severe starvation and fearful aversions, thus damaging the population's most critical needs for safe stimulus in daily life and duties.

Psychopathy Against the Population

The Loss Of Nature, Health and Prosperity

Due to the historical and regular evidence of shortcomings in empathy, intellect, and knowledge within international cultures, demoralizing has reoccurred throughout history, followed by the deterioration of the environment. This destruction of the environment occurs because an ignorant, nefariously fabricated elite demands supremacy in overwhelming megalomania with the delusion of grandeur. Thus, the leaders of these dictatorships created their businesses in reluctance for the temporary costs regarding the concerns for humans and the country and, maybe most devastating, reproduced their prestigious ideals of psychopathic terror. 

The Valuable Knowledge of Antiquity

The Ancient Roman cistern

"Piscina Mirabilis"

Aquifers and Impressive Technology of History

The Knowledge of these natural aquifers and their synergies with water technologies is a highly valued historical legacy of antiquity. In their context, they are a well-known concept that helps to understand that a mighty mountain massif that receives abundant and regular precipitation with chilly temperatures also provides the conditions for harbouring this water. However, constructing artificial dams to meet the water needs of a larger population has, in modern times, proven to be a hazardous solution in connection with nearby settlements. In ancient times, a technology was developed for hidden, huge, but also safe mountain halls to prevent a fatal breakthrough collapse of man-made dams.  The Forgotten Sciences from Antiquity

Underground Reservoirs

These historically and very early developed technical and geological-based methods for managing and saving enormous amounts of water that are often technically complex and aesthetically grandiose. The methods of this water technology vary significantly between different cultures and continents. Still, in the legacy of history, they are the basis of ancient civilizations' most essential and original technological achievements. However, the quality and quantity of water depend on a well-covered landscape of healthy native vegetation.  

The Environmental Restoration With Native Trees

The Indigenous Juniper and Podocarpus trees 

The Indigenous Juniperus procera (Am: Tid) and Podocarpus falcatus (P. gracilior) (Am:  Zigba) (Or:  Birbirsa) 

These endemic trees, scarce at Entoto, are struggling to survive in the toxic environment created by the eucalyptus. The barren, eroded lands, resulting from the eucalyptus' toxin-deformed effect, have interrupted the endemic Podocarpus tree's reproduction ability. A century ago, the international scientific community was unaware of the necessity of examining plants' and animals' environmental toxicity. With their dense network of roots, the original Ethiopian trees formed a reinforcing tangled indigenous vegetation with a pre-historical quality of tremendous strength, delivered from the past aeons' evolution. This urgent situation calls for immediate action and further scientific examination.

Trees from Dreams' Forgotten Aeons 

Adorns a Gorgeous Landscape

Entoto Natural Park (Nursery)

Requirements of Native Seedlings

However, much work has been done to re-form an upper soil layer with a protective undergrowth. Hence, exploring this highly blessed historic tree's new generation of naturally grown saplings would be very pleasing. Yet these trees from the past aeons still gracefully remain on Entoto's landscape. They appear here with beautiful patinas from a forgotten era as ancient furrowed entities in magical grace within the captivating landscape of Entoto Natural Park.

Environment and Prosperity

The indigenous Podocarpus falcatus (P. gracilior) tree is scarce at Entoto and does not appear to compete with the Eucalyptus planted surroundings. It seems that it is no longer possible to give surviving progeny in the barren, eroded, exposed lands that have been formed since the introduction of the alien eucalyptus tree over a hundred years ago.

• However, much work has been done to re-form an upper soil layer with a protective undergrowth. It would be a very significant surprise to receive information about a new generation of this highly blessed historic tree, which still grows in a magical, graceful, and appealing landscape.

• This tree has an exposed and sensitive seed-laying design opposite its otherwise healthy, rugged seed coat, including its fruit (cones). Here, it's nut-like dry; last year's pendants decorate the mighty mother trees with their seed (cones) in ancient-looking packaging that surrounds and protects the very fertile seeds and provides inspiring, sophisticated memories from last year's season.

The Science of Indigenous Ancient Trees

DNA Selections of Seeds
(Oxford Academic)

Choosing the Right Mother Tree for Seed

The distant location but within the same country, developed fauna and flora have undergone an extremely long evolutionary optimization to best adapt to the unique condition of its geological and surrounding genetic characteristics. The unique habitat in a particular region within a country imprinted the native indigenous to receive their distinctive property of plant and wildlife depending on the remoteness of the unique climate. 

The Importance of Seed's Evolutionary Heritage

Hence, due to this isolated location on a country's mountainside or within its secluded gorge, the endemic tree created the specificity of their genetic heritage and the soil's uniqueness. Therefore, the trees' evolutionary connection to a country's landscape makes a precious legacy for their seeds, which inherit well-adapted genetic characteristics to the location's biological uniqueness. 

Assessing Seeds Based on the Climate Zones of the Country

Hence, the genetic legacy impacted by Ethiopia's various climates and altitudes creates trees that, although belonging to the same species, developed a difference in genetic heritage to deal with these different climate zones. Thus, the mistake of using the seed from a tree with its genetic origin from a moist and shady gorge as seedlings on a dry southern slope undermines these trees' ability to survive and other organisms, including humans.

The Science of Ancient Trees

The Sciences of Ancient Trees

The Scientific Importance of Old and Ancient Trees

[ The Eucalyptus Tree ]

Implantation of Alien Life Forms

A Massive Loss of Public Health and Drinking Water

The Eucalyptus Problem

The Eucalyptus Tree and its Tactical Toxicity.
A chemical component with an intricate competition-oriented toxic defence system in the leaves and roots of Eucalyptus trees prevents the growth of other trees and herbs. This chemical component leads to a monoculture with Eucalyptus as the only tree species and eventually no ground cover. This chemical component causes severe erosion, easily observed in the water running through Addis, connected with the rainy seasons.

 

The Environmental danger of the Eucalyptus tree.  

Due to these shortcomings in the water-preserving capacity of the Eucalyptus plantation, it cannot counterbalance the uneven distribution of rain. The result is often torrential flooding in the down-slope areas, in this case, the northern district of Addis Ababa. In August 1994, it created a fatal danger because of overwhelming and sudden flooding.

Conclusion and Wonderful Solution

The stalk of the native Podocarpus tree's seed is considerably more significant in height at an early stage of its soil germination than the equivalent of the Juniper tree seed. Because the Podocarpus tree has the uniqueness of raising its appetizing greenery to the sensitively exposed height of its brittle stems, an excellent and traditional solution arises thanks to the sharp thorn defence of Rosa abyssinica:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_abyssinica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles

Ethiopia's Unique Highland Landscape and Climate

Regarding Ethiopia's unique climate in the seasons, with months of heavy downpours over the country's characteristic rugged landscape topography followed by months of blistering sunshine, difficulties naturally arise for the survival of planted saplings. The long prehistoric Nature's evolutionary optimized stability in sheer strength and water absorption found in the original native vegetation is thus often impossible to recreate with a simple planting of fragile young seedlings. Therefore, Ethiopia's neglected indigenous Nature demands knowledge and work before any sign of evident healing of the country's Nature and freshwater conservation. Consequently, it is often associated with incredible frustration to recreate healthy landscape biotopes by replanting native young plants on exposed eroded mountain slopes and devastated high plateaus. Instead, sporadically planted young plants will require tender care with irrigation and protection against grazing animals and shade from season months of midday's mercilessly blistering sunshine. This recreation of Nature's shielding functions needs, thus, the devoted work of restoration to regain the guardian effect from a lost indigenous forest with its endemic vegetation of shielding undergrowth.

Human and Nature in Harmony

A Classic Castle at the Spring Sources

The commonly occurring check dams represent an opportunity to recreate an environment that fits almost idealistically for people and Nature. For example, placing a building like Fasilides Bath next to a stream on the high plateau would provide Nature with a fantastic water supply. However, in contrast to the water technology of check dams in ordinary, historic buildings, like Fasilides Bath in the picture to the right, would join as a water contribution to the surrounding landscape but also with the attraction's capacity as the most beautiful location for facilities. With dramatically classic architecture, this magnificent Castle lodge with a restaurant among the water entices fantasies and dreams in the cosiest and hiking-friendly surroundings within and for Nature of the wilderness.

The Complications Of Indigenous Forest Restoration

Thus, it is impossible to recreate a stable and healthy nature by replanting a few native trees on a devastated plateau; instead, these sporadically planted young plants on the table will require tender care with irrigation and protection against grazing animals and shade from the blistering seasonal sun. Furthermore, on the slopes, these young plants most often need some temporary stabilizer of the ground and protection in something that mimics the wind and sun-protective effect of many mother trees. In addition, sporadically placed young plants can only offer a very rudimentary and weak protective network against erosion; instead, there is the obvious risk that these young plants will, in all probability, soon perish in the struggle against the great forces of Nature.

The Precarious and Fragile Restoration Of the Lost Nature

Scientific research, which includes much time and labour for environmental restoration, demands massive protection projects to offer the young plants the replacement for the lost biotope and its vital natural protective properties. Hence, restoring a lost biotope is complicated and requires much work to recreate a reliable substitute for the missing shielding armour of the primaeval forest. Therefore, due to a century of toxins from the foreign eucalyptus tree and the absence of the endemic protective functions of mother trees and other native plants, enormous efforts are required to recreate these guardian functions for the tender indigenous seedlings, which otherwise do not survive the very exposed ground.

ADDRESS

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Bole Road, Ras Mengesha Siyum House

Phone: - +251-11 515 8802

www.eht.et

info@eht.et/

ethiopian.heritage.trust@gmail.com

The Ethiopian Heritage Trust

The organization, Ethiopian Heritage Trust, is devoted to restoring Ethiopia's indigenous Nature and sincerely preserving the country's precious cultural heritage. With high priority, the Ethiopian Heritage Trust laid the ground for understanding the importance of an indigenous forest's effect on the country's natural health. The organization's work with planting native saplings illuminates the landscape's healing capacity with precision thanks to this native forest. The toxic eucalyptus tree imprints the importance of careful research regarding knowledge in natural science. Such a history of incompatible species gives an intense and evident example as a warning before introducing foreign species into unique and vulnerable habitats.

Ethiopian Heritage Trust 

for Entoto Natural Park

Volunteering

Membership

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Plant a tree with Inside Ethiopia Tours.

Inside Ethiopia, Tours invites you to be part of an unforgettable experience in Entoto Natural Park. We will meet in our office, located in Kazanchis (just in front of the UNECA back entrance), and our guide will accompany you in the local taxis up to the mountain. This is an excellent opportunity for you to experience Ethiopian commuting.

Once we arrive on Entoto Mountain, where the capital city was first founded in 1886, you will undoubtedly feel like having mentholated topical ointment. We want to promote indigenous seedling planting in Ethiopia by contributing to the Ethiopian Green Legacy.

https://insideethiopiatours.com/tour/entoto-natural-park/

Erosion Prevention Ideas: https://www.pinterest.com/entoto0351/_saved/

The Science of Indigenous Ancient Trees:

The Science of Ancient Trees

The Sciences of Ancient Trees

The Scientific Importance of Old and Ancient Trees

Environmental Ideas from Pinterest:

Terracing
Check Dams
Water Reservoirs
Spring Water Ideas
Retaining Walls
Terraced Micro-Basins

Videos: Planting Technology

Ethiopian Heritage Trust - Plantation of Seedlings

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Handbook

Useful trees and shrubs for Ethiopia:

Identification, Propagation and

 Management for 17 Agroclimatic Zones

Azene Bekele-Tesemma

Edited by

Bo Tengnäs, Ensermu Kelbesa, Sebsibe Demissew and Patrick Maundu

The contents of this handbook may be reproduced without special permission. However, acknowledgement of the source is requested. The photographers and artists concerned must be contacted for reproduction of illustrations. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of World Agroforestry Centre.

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Ethiopian Heritage Trust (UK)

A not-for-profit charity supporting the Ethiopian Heritage Trust in Addis Ababa

Donate

The total amount you donate will be used in Ethiopia.
The Trust is registered with Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs for Gift Aid.

Ethiopian Heritage Trust (UK)

Donate: https://www.ethiopianheritagetrustuk.org/donate